Music Video Conventions
Indie (Lorde – Royals) Camera: Throughout the course of the video there are a lot of close up shots of the artists face, on occasion these are just of the artist’s face and without any facial movement, despite the song playing – which wouldn’t really happen in music videos belonging to most genres, however most of these close up shots are during her singing, these shots are used to emphasise the lyrics of the song. Another recurring shot throughout the video is of a pair of curtains. These shots change somewhat each time they are used, from how zoomed in they are to the use of people (presumably two brothers) fighting. The camera in this video also focuses on visualising the lyrics of the song through literal means, for example the shots including dripping water and blood stains that play at the same time as they are mentioned on screen. Editing: The shots are connected by jump cuts as this allows for a smooth and fast paced music video and allows the action to be continuous throughout the video without being interrupted. Mise En Scene: The sets used in this video are very standard everyday areas, like a living room, and the actors and the artist in the video are wearing very standard everyday clothes, they’re not wearing flashy attractive outfits with bright colours, as that wouldn’t fit the genre. The sound throughout is purely non-digetic as the video features purely the soundtrack. Representation: The video represents the wants and needs of regular people who live regular lives as it depicts dreams of being rich with the line “We’re driving catalacs in our dreams” however also shows that the dreams are not necessarily needed to live a good life as one of the actors has been beaten up in a fight and is bleeding from the mouth yet is still able to grin. Arctic Monkeys: Snap out of it Camera: Close up shots are used of the actor in the video at the start followed by a tracking shot. Like all of the shots in the video, they do not directly fit the song that is played as these shots are more used as sex appeal, by the definition set by Laura Mulvey’s theory of male gaze. Shots are later used of the actor crying while watching a home video style clip on her TV. Editing: Jump cuts are again used in this video to maintain a fast pace throughout and to allow the video to keep to the overall pace of the music. The actor’s TV in this video shows a home video styled clip of the band, half performing, half messing around, and when the music cuts out, the video is shown cutting out on the TV. Mise En Scene: The set of this video is an ordinary person’s home; however the costumes and props used feel more akin to a pop music video. With a half naked woman present in the video meeting the genre conventions of pop. The meat being fried in the pan however, does not feel fitting to any music genre. Sound: The song uses digetic sound, for example the sound of the meat frying, as well as non-digetic sound, being the soundtrack of the actual song. Representation: The video’s use of male gaze and sexual stereotypes immediately could mean that the target audience for this video and the song would be a male audience. Hip Hop: JME ft Giggs – Man Don’t Care Camera: This video largely focuses on mid shots from a low angle to make the artist seem intimidating to the audience. The video also however uses close ups of the artists face to emphasise the lyrics. Editing: The video uses a combination of wipe transitions with plain jump cuts. The jump cuts are used during faster pace parts of the song, whereas the wipes are used mostly during slower parts of the song. Mise En Scene: All people present in the video are wearing dark hoodies, which is a common stereotype in hip-hop videos. The lighting used in the video emphasises the artist’s intimidation towards the audience, as the location used for filming is very dark, but the lights are bright and positioned behind the people present in the video, helping to give light to the video while also hiding their faces. Sound: The sound in the video is non-digetic and the video features just the soundtrack. Representation: This video uses low angle shots and manipulation of scenery and lighting for intimidation, to assert a form of dominance over the audience. This could be representing gang culture and life style. Eminem - Lose Yourself Camera: The video starts with a short, calm and slow paced introduction which is built up of a slow crane shot and a mixture of mid shots and pan shots, which all act as establishing shots before the main video itself starts. The video then goes on to a mid shot of the artist who talks directly to the audience which is mixed with some quick close ups. After these introduction shots, the video moves on to mirror the lyrics of the song, for example the camera focuses on a close up of the artists knees at the same time his knees are mentioned in the lyrics of the song. This is done again when the line “there’s vomit on his sweater already” is heard, the video then shows the artist throwing up into a toilet. This trend of the on screen visuals matching the lyrics continues throughout the video. The video ends with a shot of the artist walking away, back turned, from the camera, and more shots like the start at the video, but at night time as appose to day. Editing: The song’s introduction is mirrored by the video with slow paced shots which are slowed down even more by the cross fades connecting them. These cross fades are, however, later replaced by jump cuts as the pace of the song speeds up so that the video matches the pace of the song properly. This fast paced editing allows for the narrative of the song to be told throughout the video while also containing shots of the artist performing directly to the camera. Mise En Scene: The lighting in the video is mostly very dark with only artificial lighting such as street lamps and neon signs, however the few shots that are done during the day use natural lighting. The costumes in the video are very everyday kind of clothes and nothing noticeably out of place or unusual. The locations used in the music video include a street, some form of rap club, a bus a mobile home and a performance stage Sound: The sound in the video is purely non-digetic and consists only of the soundtrack. Representation: The video, again, represents gang culture, but also shows the troubles an artist may have to go through in a competitive music market, including how, in the video, the artists daughter didn’t recognize him after the amount of time he has spent away, working on his music Rock: Queen – Bohemian Rhapsody: Camera: The video starts with a mid shot of the band as silhouettes, this shot over time zooms slowly to a close up of the band members’ heads. The video then fades through to a close up of Freddy Mercury’s hands as he is playing the piano, which then zooms out into a mid shot, before fading to a close up shot of him singing. The video continuously fades between close ups and mid shots of the different band members. Editing: Cross fades are used to slow the pace of the video down to fit the slow tempo of the music, and to allow overlaying shots, for example when Freddy Mercury’s head is partially visible over the top of the previous shot. This changes as the pace of the music increases, as jump cuts replace the use of cross fades so that the video can maintain a fast pace to match. The cross fades are used again shortly afterwards as the tempo starts to slow down. Cross fades are used throughout the video to connect all shots. The video starts to manipulate the images of the band as they are repeated in multiple places on the screen and echoed with a changing colour hue. Mise En Scene: The video starts with a shot where the band members are silhouettes in front of a well-lit background; this shot then fades into a reverse version, where the band members’ heads are well lit over a black background. The lighting during the as-live performance segments of the video is coloured studio lighting shining on the band from above to provide high visibility of the band. Sound: The sound in the video is purely digetic and consists of the soundtrack only. Foo Fighters – Walk: Camera: During the introduction segment of the video, there is a variety of close up shots that focus in on, the artist’s face, car bumper stickers etc. on top of this, there are mid shots of the artist in his car and the cars stuck in traffic. As the song begins to start, mid shots are used mostly, so that a large amount of the scene can be seen while the main focus still remains with the artist. During the scene where the artist fights with a shop owner, close ups are used to limit the vision of the audience. The use of close ups then continues largely throughout the rest of the video. The last segment of the video is an as-live performance section of the band, with a variety of close ups focusing on the different band members playing their respective roles in the band. Editing: During the introduction segment, the video uses jump cuts between shots to maintain a natural pace in the video, rather than slow it down with transitions. Mise En Scene: The video uses natural lighting as all of the shots in the video are taken in an all ready well-lit environment, using many locations around 1 city, such as a park, a bridge, a golf course, and a fast food restaurant. Sound: The video uses mostly non-digetic sound by having a soundtrack play for the majority of the video, however during the introduction segment the car horns and people yelling seem to have been recorded on the original film. Pop: Michael Jackson – Thriller: Camera: The video starts with a long drawn out cinematic which focuses heavily on close ups for the actors’ reactions, as this introduction section is made to parody a horror movie. As the song starts, the video uses a new establishing shot to set the scene, being outside the cinema where the introductory film was being shown. Mid shots are used to show conversation between the 2 actors, and long shots are used while the actors are walking down the road, however this shot then cuts back to being a mid shot. During this ‘walking section’ the video jumps between close ups and mid shots, either to focus on the actors’ reactions or Michael Jackson’s dance routine, respectively. The following section of the video, narrated by Vincent Price, uses a range of close ups to focus on the action of the scene, this being that zombies are climbing out of graves. The video then, again, returns to mid shots to show the dance routine, before finally returning to close ups to show the actors’ reactions to what is going on around them. Editing: All the shots of the video are connected by jump cuts to maintain a fast paced video that matches the tempo of the soundtrack playing during it. Mise En Scene: The lighting in the video is all natural lighting to the environments that they were filmed in, like the streetlights or neon signs on the cinema. The environments themselves are regular roads and places around a town, for example the sidewalk, cinema and graveyard. Sound: The video uses a mix of both digetic and non-digetic sound. The non-digetic sound is the soundtrack playing throughout the video, and the digetic sound is when the actors are talking and during the scene where Michael Jackson, alongside a group of zombies, is performing the first main part of the dance routine, the dancers feet can clearly be heard dragging along the ground as part of the routine. Maroon 5-Animals: Camera: The video starts with a fast montage of close up shots that build the atmosphere of some sort of crime investigation. The video then moves onto using a mixture of close ups and long shots as the actor in the video is stalking someone. The video later starts to use extreme close ups of the main actor’s eyes, and different angle shots of the same 1 room. Towards the end of the video, the shots start to become more abstract and unusual and were clearly shot in a studio as appose to in an actual location, like the rest of the shots at least appear to be. The video then ends with a high angle shot of the main actor again standing in a rainy street. Editing: The video connects the clips with jump cuts to keep a fast pace throughout the video. The clips used in the video are cut between quickly; this builds a fast pace in the video but also emphasizes a sense of panic from the main actor. Mise En Scene: The video starts off in a butcher’s shop, with quick cuts between this scene and shots building what seems to be a crime scene. The video then later uses locations such a club, a house and a rainy street. Sound: The sound in the video is purely non-digetic and consists of the soundtrack and added camera sound effects.
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